{"id":16108,"date":"2025-02-03T10:01:47","date_gmt":"2025-02-03T10:01:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reveil-info.net\/?p=16108"},"modified":"2025-02-03T10:01:47","modified_gmt":"2025-02-03T10:01:47","slug":"libre-opinion-crises-et-mutations-geopolitiques-quel-avenir-pour-lafrique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reveil-info.net\/?p=16108","title":{"rendered":"Libre opinion- Crises et mutations g\u00e9opolitiques : quel avenir pour l’Afrique?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le monde est en pleine recomposition. L\u2019ordre multilat\u00e9ral h\u00e9rit\u00e9 de l\u2019apr\u00e8s guerre mondiale vacille sous l\u2019effet de crises multiples : fragmentation des alliances, essoufflement des institutions internationales, mont\u00e9e des nouvelles puissances \u00e9mergentes comme les BRICS, crises \u00e9conomiques \u00e0 r\u00e9p\u00e9tition, changement climatique acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9, guerre \u00e9conomique et expansion du terrorisme.<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
L\u2019Afrique, longtemps consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un acteur marginal de ces dynamiques mais impact\u00e9 durement , se retrouve aujourd\u2019hui au c\u0153ur des enjeux mondiaux. Comment nos \u00e9conomies doivent-elles s\u2019adapter \u00e0 ces bouleversements ? Quelles strat\u00e9gies pour renforcer notre r\u00e9silience et \u00e9viter d\u2019\u00eatre les victimes collat\u00e9rales de ces mutations ?<\/span><\/div>\n
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Un multilat\u00e9ralisme en crise et un monde en red\u00e9finition<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Les institutions multilat\u00e9rales, con\u00e7ues pour stabiliser les relations internationales et favoriser la coop\u00e9ration, peinent \u00e0 s\u2019adapter aux nouvelles r\u00e9alit\u00e9s. L\u2019ONU, l\u2019OMC, le FMI et la Banque mondiale font face \u00e0 une contestation croissante, notamment de la part des pays \u00e9mergents, qui d\u00e9noncent un ordre \u00e9conomique et politique injuste. Les plans de d\u00e9veloppement con\u00e7us par certaines de ces institutions ont connus des r\u00e9sultats mitig\u00e9s sur le continent africain. Certains comme le PAS ont \u00e9t\u00e9 une catastrophe pour les pays africains et les cons\u00e9quences les plus visibles c\u2019est la destruction du syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif et sanitaire de nombreux pays africains . Cette remise en question s\u2019est mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9e par l\u2019expansion des BRICS, qui cherchent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un contre-pouvoir face \u00e0 l\u2019Occident, notamment en d\u00e9veloppant des m\u00e9canismes alternatifs comme la Nouvelle Banque de D\u00e9veloppement.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Pour l\u2019Afrique, cela offre une opportunit\u00e9 et un risque : une diversification des partenariats \u00e9conomiques, mais aussi un risque d\u2019\u00eatre enferm\u00e9e dans une nouvelle forme de d\u00e9pendance comme si l\u2019on quittait un ma\u00eetre pour un autre . La question cl\u00e9 est donc celle de notre capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 tirer parti de cette recomposition g\u00e9opolitique pour affirmer nos propres priorit\u00e9s et int\u00e9r\u00eats. Facile \u00e0 dire mais difficile \u00e0 faire ? Peut-\u00eatre mais pas impossible \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser. Faisons un bref \u00e9tat des lieux des grandes questions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Des crises \u00e9conomiques et de la fragilit\u00e9 des \u00e9conomies africaines<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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L\u2019Afrique subit de plein fouet les secousses des crises \u00e9conomiques mondiales. L\u2019inflation galopante, la volatilit\u00e9 des prix des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, la mont\u00e9e des dettes souveraines ont mis en difficult\u00e9 plusieurs pays africains. Beaucoup sont pi\u00e9g\u00e9s dans une spirale d\u2019endettement, d\u00e9pendant des financements ext\u00e9rieurs pour assurer leur fonctionnement.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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En parall\u00e8le, la mise en place de la Zone de libre-\u00e9change continentale africaine (ZLECAf) tarde \u00e0 produire ses effets concrets. Le commerce intra-africain reste limit\u00e9, les infrastructures de transport et de production sont insuffisantes, le co\u00fbt de l\u2019\u00e9nergie reste \u00e9lev\u00e9e et les barri\u00e8res tarifaires et non tarifaires persistent. Les mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res sont faiblement transform\u00e9es sur place dans les pays rendant les \u00e9conomies tr\u00e8s influen\u00e7ables aux chocs ext\u00e9rieurs.<\/div>\n
Les crises successives notamment la pand\u00e9mie de la Covid 19, la guerre en Ukraine, les tensions commerciales sino-am\u00e9ricaines ont montr\u00e9 la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 de nos \u00e9conomies.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Du changement changement climatique, de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des conflits : une triple menace<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Le changement climatique exacerbe les fragilit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques et sociales du continent. La d\u00e9sertification, la baisse des rendements agricoles et les catastrophes naturelles poussent des millions de personnes \u00e0 l\u2019exode, alimentant les tensions sociales et la pression sur les villes. Les conflits pour l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux ressources se multiplient, notamment entre agriculteurs et \u00e9leveurs.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u00c0 cela s\u2019ajoute le terrorisme, qui gangr\u00e8ne plusieurs r\u00e9gions du continent, notamment le Sahel. Les groupes arm\u00e9s exploitent la pauvret\u00e9, le manque d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques et la faiblesse des \u00c9tats pour recruter et s\u2019\u00e9tendre. Cette ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 entrave le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique en d\u00e9truisant les infrastructures, en d\u00e9courageant l\u2019investissement et en d\u00e9tournant des ressources pr\u00e9cieuses vers les d\u00e9penses s\u00e9curitaires.<\/div>\n
Enfin les conflits entre \u00c9tats africains, souvent li\u00e9s aux fronti\u00e8res h\u00e9rit\u00e9es de la colonisation, aux diff\u00e9rends \u00e9conomiques ou aux rivalit\u00e9s politiques, affaiblissent l\u2019unit\u00e9 du continent et freinent son d\u00e9veloppement. Une aubaine pour l\u2019industrie occidentale de l\u2019armement qui s\u2019enrichit davantage ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest, au Soudan, en RDC etc\u2026Les ressources destin\u00e9es aux autres secteurs d\u2019activit\u00e9s sont utilis\u00e9es pour acheter des armes et ouvrant dans certains pays une caverne de corruption et d\u2019enrichissement illicite.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Que faire ? Une nouvelle approche pour nos \u00e9conomies et pour notre stabilit\u00e9<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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L\u2019Afrique ne peut plus se permettre d\u2019\u00eatre un simple spectateur des mutations g\u00e9opolitiques mondiales. Face \u00e0 ces d\u00e9fis, une transformation radicale des mod\u00e8les \u00e9conomiques africains et de notre syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 s\u2019impose. Cette transformation pourrait d\u2019articuler autour des axes strat\u00e9giques que sont : l\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de l\u2019industrialisation et la transformation locale des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res ; le renforcement de l\u2019int\u00e9gration \u00e9conomique intra-africaine; le d\u00e9veloppement des partenariats strat\u00e9giques \u00e9quilibr\u00e9s, le renforcement de la r\u00e9silience climatique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire; la r\u00e9forme de la gouvernance \u00e9conomique et financi\u00e8re; la mise en place d\u2019institutions d\u00e9mocratiques solides pour sortir des instabilit\u00e9s politiques qui causent des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts socio\u00e9conomiques \u00e9normes et qui installent les pays dans des incertitudes mortif\u00e8res.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Aussi pour rem\u00e9dier aux conflits entre \u00c9tat, l\u2019Afrique doit renforcer ses m\u00e9canismes de pr\u00e9vention et de r\u00e9solution pacifique des diff\u00e9rends. Il est urgent de promouvoir une diplomatie proactive, fond\u00e9e sur le dialogue, la m\u00e9diation et la coop\u00e9ration r\u00e9gionale. L\u2019Union Africaine et les organisations sous-r\u00e9gionales doivent jouer un r\u00f4le central en imposant des m\u00e9canismes contraignants de r\u00e8glement des conflits et en favorisant l\u2019int\u00e9gration \u00e9conomique comme facteur de stabilisation. Plut\u00f4t que de d\u00e9pendre d\u2019arbitrages ext\u00e9rieurs, il est temps que l\u2019Afrique prenne en main sa propre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 collective en d\u00e9veloppant des institutions de d\u00e9fense et de diplomatie capables d\u2019anticiper et de d\u00e9samorcer les tensions avant qu\u2019elles ne d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e8rent en crises ouvertes.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Prenons date !<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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D\u00e9finitivement, Il est temps de rompre avec la d\u00e9pendance \u00e9conomique et de b\u00e2tir des \u00e9conomies r\u00e9silientes, capables de faire face aux chocs ext\u00e9rieurs. L\u2019Afrique a les ressources, le potentiel humain et l\u2019ing\u00e9niosit\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaires pour relever ce d\u00e9fi. La question n\u2019est plus de savoir si nous devons changer de paradigme, mais comment nous allons le faire, et avec quelle rapidit\u00e9. Agissons davantage maintenant !<\/div>\n
Dr Harouna Kabor\u00e9<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le monde est en pleine recomposition. L\u2019ordre multilat\u00e9ral h\u00e9rit\u00e9 de l\u2019apr\u00e8s guerre mondiale vacille sous<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16113,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actu","category-libre-opinion"],"yoast_head":"\nLibre opinion- Crises et mutations g\u00e9opolitiques : quel avenir pour l'Afrique? - R\u00e9veil Info<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/reveil-info.net\/?p=16108\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Libre opinion- Crises et mutations g\u00e9opolitiques : quel avenir pour l'Afrique? - R\u00e9veil Info\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le monde est en pleine recomposition. 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